SEARCH KEYWORD -- TCP


  FTP active mode and passive mode

1. What's active mode and passive mode a. FTP has two ports to control: Port 20 is for data transfer Port 21 is for control or establish TCP connection b. The process of active connection Note: C represents Client and S represents Server S opens port 20 and 21 C connects to port 21 of S with a random port, this port can be between 1024 and 65536, it sends port+x to server at the same time to specify C(X)->S(21) When S receives the command, it will sends back ACK, S(21)->C(X) S will set ...

   FTP,Active mode,Passive mode     2013-04-01 07:01:25

  Check whether a remote server port is open on Linux

As a system administrator or network engineer or application developer, there is a need to check whether a port on remote server is open so that you can tell whether the service under check is running or not. In this post, we would cover a few methods to check whether a remote server port is open or not on Linux. telnet telnet is the most frequently used command on both Windows and Linux to check port. The simple usage for this command is  telnet [host] [port] When the port is open, the o...

   LINUX,TELNET,PORT,NC,NMAP     2017-12-23 11:45:20

  bash network interface

Some of us may have seen /dev/tcp/<host>/<port> before, is this a special file system implemented in some BSD kernel? Because there is no /dev/tcp in Linux. Actually, this one is implemented in bash. We no need to rely on wget,nc to do network connection. It's very easy to use this interface: bash-4.2$ cat </dev/tcp/time.nist.gov/13 56188 12-09-18 15:34:26 50 0 0 733.5 UTC(NIST) * bash-4.2$ exec 3<>/dev/tcp/www.w3.org/80 bash-4.2$ echo -e "GET / HTTP/1.0\n\n" >&3 b...

   Bash,Network interface,/dev/tcp     2013-07-20 00:57:52

  37 powerful Linux shell commands

To work on Linux platform, you cannot avoid using shell commands to complete some tasks. These tasks can be as simple as list files in some directories or find some text in some file, or can be as complex as monitoring processes. In this post, we will share 37 powerful Linux shell commands.   Task Commands 1 Delete file with 0 byte(empty file) find . -type f -size 0 -exec rm -rf {} \;find . type f -size 0 -delete 2 Check process memory consumption ps -e -o "%C : %p : %z : %a"|sort -k...

   Linux command,List     2013-09-16 07:47:16

  WireGuard VPN Troubleshooting

When you are working as a network/cluster admin for you team to config the WireGuard VPN for other members, you may meet some of the problems below and these are the solution you can try to fix them. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Problem [1]: The WireGuard handshake request send from the client can be received from the server but the server's response was blocked at some where so the client can not receive serv...

   WIREGUARD,VPN,TROUBLESHOOTING     2021-12-14 09:17:46

  Why TCP needs 3 handshakes

Prerequisite Knowledge First, let's look at the control bits and state machine of TCP, which form the basis for understanding the three-way handshake of TCP. TCP Packet Control Bits The control bits in the TCP packet header are used to control the status of the TCP connection and can indicate various control information such as connection establishment, termination, reset, etc. There are six common control bits: SYN (Synchronize Sequence Numbers): Requests to establish a connection (part of the...

   REASON,NETWORK,TCP,EXPLANATION,HANDSHAKE     2024-09-28 08:57:52

  Difference between localhost and 127.0.0.1

Lots of people would think what the address 127.0.0.1 is when first seeing this address. In fact, 127.0.0.1 is a loopback address which refers to the local machine. It is generally used for local testing. When typing ping 127.0.0.1 on local command console, it will send network packets to local IP/TCP layer to test whether IP/TCP works properly or not.  To those who are used to use localhost, it is actually mapped to 127.0.0.1 by default. There are hosts files in the system which store this...

   LINUX,NETWORK,LOCALHOST,127.0.0.1,LOCALHOST VS 127.0.0.1     2018-09-29 22:11:12

  When no need 3 handshakes in TCP?

Overview In the previous article titled Why TCP needs 3 handshakes simple answers were provided to the following three questions: Can application data be carried during the first handshake? Can application data be carried during the second handshake? Can application data be carried during the third handshake? Briefly, traditional TCP requires a three-way handshake to establish a connection, and during these three handshakes, only simple SYN and ACK packets are sent. From the perspective o...

   REASON,NETWORK,TCP,EXPLANATION     2024-09-29 03:19:35

  Guide to Implement an SSH Client Using Golang

SSH, short for Secure Shell, is a network protocol used for securely remote logging into other computers on a network. I believe most backend developers are familiar with SSH. Common shell tools used for logging into servers, such as Xshell, SecureCRT, and iTerm2, are all based on the SSH protocol. In Golang, the crypto/ssh package provides functionality for implementing an SSH client. In this article, we will explain in detail how to implement an SSH client using Golang. Creating SSH Client Con...

   SSH CLIENT,GUIDE,SSH,GOLANG     2023-11-11 09:19:29

  PHP buffer: output_buffering and ob_start

buffer is one piece of memory section, it is usually 4Kb in Linux. It is mainly used between different devices with different speed or different priorities. With buffer, the waiting time between different processes will be reduced. Here is one simple example, when you type something in a text editor, every time when you type a character, the operating system will not write it to the disk directly, instead it will write it to buffer first When the buffer is full, the data in the buffer will be wr...

   PHP buffer,output_buffering,ob_start     2013-06-20 22:54:15

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