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  Use Java ThreadLocal with caution

According to Oracle documentation, ThreadLocal is a class provides thread-local variables. These variables differ from their normal counterparts in that each thread that accesses one (via its get or set method) has its own, independently initialized copy of the variable. ThreadLocal instances are typically private static fields in classes that wish to associate state with a thread. In short, ThreadLocal variables are variables belong to a thread, not a class or an instance of a class. One common...

   JAVA,MEMORY LEAK, THREADLOCAL     2015-11-03 07:31:57

  How to make select in WinSock exceed the 64-socket limit

When doing cross-platform network programming, the only API available on Windows that corresponds to the epoll/kevent style reactor event model is select. However, it has a limitation: the number of sockets passed into select cannot exceed FD_SETSIZE, which is set to 64. Therefore, select in Java’s NIO on Windows also has the same limit. Many services ported to Windows that use the reactor model face this constraint, which often gives the impression that server programs on Windows hav...

   EXCEED,SELECT,JAVA,WINDOWS     2024-10-31 23:47:50

  Multithreading interview questions in Java

Multithreading as a widespread programming and execution model allows multiple threads to exist within the context of a single process. These threads share the process' resources but are able to execute independently. The threaded programming model provides developers with a useful abstraction of concurrent execution. However, perhaps the most interesting application of the technology is when it is applied to a single process to enable parallel execution on a multiprocessor system.Many programme...

   Multithreading,Java,Interview     2012-05-28 06:33:25

  MySQL Index Merge Optimization Practices

In production environment databases, it is often seen that some SQL where conditions include: equal condition on a normal index + primary key range query + order by limit Although using a normal index would be more efficient, the system chooses to use index merge instead in some cases. This article explores such index merge situations. Index Merge Official Introduction   The Index Merge access method retrieves rows with multiple range scans and merges their results into one. Generall...

   INDEX MERGE,MYSQL,PRIMARY INDEX,SECONDARY INDEX     2024-09-10 04:52:26

  Be careful about printing error as string in GoLang

In GoLang, we can format and produce string using fmt.Printf(), just like C, GoLang also supports format verbs like %s, %d which can be placeholder for different types of values. But please pay attention when printing error as string so that you will not fall into some trap. Let's first take an example code snippet and see what trap we are talking about. package main import "fmt" type A string func (a A) Error() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%s is an error", a) } func main() { a := A("hello...

   STACKOVERFLOW,GOLANG,FMT     2019-01-23 09:17:15

  ByteBuffer in Java

ByteBuffer is introduced in java.nio since Java 1.4. It provides a way of representing raw structured data such as from a file or from network. It enables fast access of underlying data compared to traditional ways like byte[] Prior to Java 1.4, if you want to represent a structured raw data, you need to create a byte[] and then having a set of checks to delimit the byte array to get the expected tokens. There are three ways to create a ByteBuffer: Wrapping an exiting array by calling ByteBuffe...

   JAVA,BYTEBUFFER,ALLOCATION     2015-07-08 03:17:44

  What is cache penetration, cache breakdown and cache avalanche?

When designing and developing highly available system, cache is an very important consideration. It is useful to cache some frequently accessed data so that they can be accessed quickly and also cache can protect the downstream system like DB from being hit too often.  To provide better cache design in large systems, some problems may need to be considered first. In this post, we will talk about some frequently discussed cache problems and mitigation plans. Cache penetration Cache penetrati...

   SYSTEM DESIGN,CACHE PENETRATION,CACHE BREAKDOWN,CACHE AVALANCHE     2020-04-10 08:43:00

  Let 's write some front end codes

I've seen a lot of arguments that there is no much technical value writing web portal, I think that the vast majority of good programmers will try many different things. The low level development and machine learning are not the only technologies which are  full of wisdom and challenges, I wrote web site for a few years, it is difficult to say that this is my initial interest, although I touched on other technologies as well, I still feel building website is challenging. Front end developme...

   Front end development, JavaScript,CSS     2013-01-22 04:00:24

  How does GoLang know how many CPUs to use?

When running lscpu command on Linux, it will list the CPU info on the machine. Take one example where there is one CPU with 2 cores and each core has two threads which indicates there are 4 cores available. Now let's see how many cores GoLang program would identify. From output, NumCPU and GOMAXPROCS both output 4 which is expected. How does go runtime get this info, does it get it through similar command like lscpu or /proc/cpuinfo? Let's dig more in GoLang's source code. In runtim...

   GOLANG,CPU,NCPU     2020-12-29 23:22:15

  etcd installation and usage

etcd is an open source and highly available distributed key-value storage system and is commonly used in critical data storage and service discovery and registration use cases. It is focusing on: Simple: well-defined, user-facing API (gRPC) Secure: automatic TLS with optional client cert authentication Fast: benchmarked 10,000 writes/sec Reliable: properly distributed using Raft etcd and Redis both support key-value storage and can be set up in distributed systems. Also Redis supporst more key...

   ETCD,TUTORIAL,RAFT,DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM     2021-03-07 03:10:33

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