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  Arrays.equals() vs MessageDigest.isEqual()

Both Arrays.equals() and MessageDigest.isEqual() are used to compare the equality of two arrays. They can be interchangeably in many cases. However, they do have some differences which lead to different use cases in real applications. One difference is that the arrays passed to MessageDigest.isEqual() cannot be null while it's ok for Arrays.equals(). The one major difference between these two methods is that Arrays.equals() is not time-constant while MessageDigest.isEqual() is time-constant. Thi...

   Arrays.equal(),MessageDigest.isEqual(),Java,Security     2015-05-14 22:03:29

  Exit main thread and keep other threads running in C

In C programming, if using return in main function, the whole process will terminate. To only let main thread gone, and keep other threads live, you can use thrd_exit in main function. Check following code: #include #include #include int print_thread(void *s) { thrd_detach(thrd_current()); for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++) { sleep(1); printf("i=%zu\n", i); } thrd_exit(0); } int main(void) { ...

   C LANGUAGE,MULITHREAD,MAIN THREAD     2020-08-14 21:20:04

  Understand unsafe in GoLang

Before going to understand unsafe package in GoLang, the first thing needs to talk about is the pointer in GoLang. If you have a background of C language, you must know what pointer means and its usage. With pointer, you are free to operate any data at memory level which means you have great power, but this means that you have great responsibility as well. That's why it might be considered unsafe in lots of cases. Take a look at a simple example of doubling an integer. package main import "fmt"...

   GOLANG,UNSAFE,ZERO-COPY     2020-03-14 23:18:00

  String.length() vs String.getBytes().length in Java

In Java, String.length() is to return the number of characters in the string, while String.getBytes().length is to return the number of bytes to represent the string with the specified encoding. By default, the encoding will be the value of system property file.encoding, the encoding name can be set manually as well by calling System.setProperty("file.encoding", "XXX"). For example, UTF-8, Cp1252. In many cases, String.length() will return the same value as String.getBytes().length, but in some ...

   Java,UTF8,String,Encoding,Sample     2015-04-01 22:22:23

  Break down defer statements in GoLang

Basic Concepts What are the characteristics of the deferred statement defer in Go language? When is it usually used? The deferred statement(defer statement) in Go language has the following characteristics: Deferred Execution: Deferred statements are executed before the function containing them exits, regardless of whether the function returns normally or encounters an exception. Last In, First Out (LIFO): If there are multiple deferred statements, they are executed in the order of last in, f...

   DEFER,GOLANG     2024-02-10 21:56:10

  Permutation implementation in Java

Permutation is a very basic and important mathematic concept we learned in school. It has very practical applications in real world. For example, in football. In simple, permutation describes all possible ways of doing something. For example, there are six permutations of the set {1,2,3}, namely: (1,2,3), (1,3,2), (2,1,3), (2,3,1), (3,1,2), and (3,2,1). In general, for n items, there are n! number of permutations to arrange these items. How can we implement this algorithm in programming programm...

   Permutation,Implementation,Java,Sample     2015-03-26 02:18:14

  Mastering Go Channels: How to Build Concurrent Applications Like a Pro

Introduction In the world of concurrent programming, Go channels have quickly become a popular tool for building fast and efficient applications. Utilizing channels can help you take full advantage of the power of Go's lightweight threads, or goroutines, and enable you to easily and effectively manage data sharing and synchronization. In this article, we'll dive deep into the world of Go channels and show you how to build concurrent applications like a pro. Understanding Go Channels To start, le...

   GOLANG,CHANNEL,CONCURRENCY     2023-04-21 14:47:47

  C programming tips in SPARC architecture

If you are a newbie of C programmers in SPARC architecture (For example, working on Solaris), you should pay attention to the following tips:(1) By default, SPARC is big-endian (For Endianness, you can refer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness). It means for an integer (short, int, long, etc), the MSB will be stored in the lower address, while the LSB will be stored in the higher address. (2) SPARC requires byte-alignment. It means for a short (2 bytes long) variable, the star...

   C     2014-06-01 03:56:30

  Java Concurrency Basics: CountDownLatch and CyclicBarrier

CountDownLatch CountDownLatch can be used in synchronizing behavior among threads, it makes one or more threads wait for some actions in other threads to be completed. It has a property count which defines how many countDown() need to be called before other threads which called await() to be waked up.  When a thread calls CountDownLatch.await(), the thread will be blocked until the value of count becomes 0. The initial value of count can be specified when creating the CountDownLatch instanc...

   JAVA,JAVA CONCURRENCY,COUNTDOWNLATCH,CYCLICBARRIER     2018-03-25 07:02:40

  Why no max/min function for integer in GoLang

You may notice that there is no max/min function provided to compare the maximum/minimum of two or more integers if you are a GoLang developer with some experience . In other languages, these functions are provided as part of the core lib functions. Have you wondered why?  Indeed GoLang provides max/min function in math package, but they are used for comparing float64 data type. The signature of these two functions are math.Min(float64, float64) float64 math.Max(float64, float64) float...

   GOLANG,MAX,INT,INT64     2019-06-08 07:00:55

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