OverviewIn the previous article titled Why TCP needs 3 handshakes simple answers were provided to the following three questions:Can application data be carried during the first handshake?Can application data be carried during the second handshake?Can application data be carried during the third handshake?Briefly, traditional TCP requires a three-way handshake to establish a connection, and during these three handshakes, only simple SYN and ACK packets are sent.From the perspective of utilizing network bandwidth resources, the TCP header at the transport layer plus the IP header at the net...

Prerequisite KnowledgeFirst, let's look at the control bits and state machine of TCP, which form the basis for understanding the three-way handshake of TCP.TCP Packet Control BitsThe control bits in the TCP packet header are used to control the status of the TCP connection and can indicate various control information such as connection establishment, termination, reset, etc.There are six common control bits:SYN (Synchronize Sequence Numbers): Requests to establish a connection (part of the three-way handshake). It is set in the initial packet during connection establishment, indicating that th...

Casual TalkGolang is quite enjoyable to write, aside from the tedious if err != nil checks. One of the fundamental reasons for the joy is goroutine, a core feature of Golang. Understanding goroutines in detail is worthwhile, as they contribute significantly to the pleasure of working with Golang. So, let's talk about goroutines, hoping to provide some insights to the readers.TL;DR: We'll start by talking about assembling a computer, then delve into some concepts of the operating system, such as processes and threads, before exploring goroutines themselves.Assembling a ComputerLet's focus on de...

As a programmer, I think many of us have something like these below in our daily work. From these explanations, we may get to know different programmer's characteristics. Below are something we may say frequently. Don't be too serious about them.It's working on my computerI never heard about this beforeIt was working normally yesterdayOk, this is a bugHow is it possible?This must be the problem of the machine or the environmentDo you update your operating system?Must be the problems of clientThere are must be some problems with your test dataI never touched those codesYes, yes, I am going to f...