Prior to C++11, there is no built-in function in C++ standard library which can be used to convert numbers such as interger and double number to string.  There are many ways which can convert number to string. Since C++ is C compatible, we can use itoa() function to convert an integer to C style string. But this one can only convert integer to string, not double. For different types of numbers, we need to use different functions.string s = string(itoa(a));Actually, we can also use stringstream in C++ to convert number to string.  Also, here since we want to convert different types of...

Oracle says its 9,000,000, Wikipedia says its 10 million, NumberOf.net gives the exact number of Java programmers, 9007346.But how many Java programmers are there really? We cannot call everyone on the planet to ask whether he/she is a Java programmer or not.So we can only rely on some indirect methods to estimate, such as government statistics (There are around 43 million programmers in the world), TIOBE and Langpop, Employment portals, Eclipse and Tomcat download numbers.Download number of Eclipse :Eclipse Juno -- 8,000,000Eclipse Indigo -- 6,000,000Eclipse Helios --4,100,000Eclipse Galileo ...

If I choose a size S, can you tell me how many valid C programs exist that are no larger than that size? I’m actually interested in the answer — it’ll help me make a point in a paper I’m writing. Shockingly, the Internet (or at least, the part of it that I looked at based on a few searches) does not provide a good answer.Let’s start with a few premises:Since it would be exceedingly difficult to construct the exact answer, we’re looking for a respectably tight lower bound.S is measured in bytes.Since it seems obvious that there’s an exponential n...

My last post outlined some of the possibilities for integer semantics in programming languages, and asked which option was correct. This post contains my answers. Just to be clear: I want practical solutions, but I’m not very interested by historical issues or backwards compatibility with any existing language, and particularly not with C and C++.We’ll start with:Premise 1: Operations on default integer types return the mathematically correct result or else trap.This is the same premise that as-if infinitely ranged begins with, but we’ll perhaps end up with some different ...